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Alzheimer\’s Disease: Understanding Its Pathophysiology, Causes, Risk Factors, Treatment, and Prevention
Alzheimer\’s Disease: Understanding Its Pathophysiology, Causes, Risk Factors, Treatment, and Prevention Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects memory, cognitive functions, and behavior. It is the most common cause of dementia, accounting for 60-80% of dementia cases globally. With an aging population, Alzheimer’s has become a major public health concern,…
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Complete Urine Examination (CUE): Procedure, Interpretation, and Diagnostic Significance
Introduction Urine is a valuable diagnostic fluid that provides a window into the body\’s metabolic and systemic state. The Complete Urine Examination (CUE), also known as routine and microscopic urinalysis, is one of the most frequently pered diagnostic tests in clinical laboratories. It is non-invasive, cost-effective, and provides essential ination for diagnosing renal, metabolic,…
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Lipid Profile Test: A Complete Guide to Understanding Cholesterol and Cardiovascular Risk
Lipid Profile Test: A Complete Guide to Understanding Cholesterol and Cardiovascular Risk Introduction The lipid profile test, also known as the lipid panel or cholesterol panel, is a vital diagnostic tool used to evaluate the levels of lipids (fats) in the blood. These lipids include cholesterol and triglycerides, which are essential for cellular function but…
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Amlodipine: Pharmacology, Mechanism of Action, Therapeutic Uses, and Clinical Guidelines
Amlodipine: Pharmacology, Mechanism of Action, Therapeutic Uses, and Clinical Guidelines Introduction Amlodipine is a widely prescribed antihypertensive agent belonging to the dihydropyridine class of calcium channel blockers (CCBs). It is primarily used to manage hypertension and angina pectoris, both stable and vasospastic types. Amlodipine is renowned for its long duration of action, allowing for once-daily…
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Kidney Function Test (KFT): A Comprehensive Guide to Diagnosis, Test Procedures, and Clinical Interpretation
Kidney Function Test (KFT): A Comprehensive Guide to Diagnosis, Test Procedures, and Clinical Interpretation Introduction The kidneys are vital organs responsible for maintaining the body’s internal environment by filtering waste products, regulating electrolyte balance, maintaining fluid levels, and producing hormones that regulate blood pressure and red blood cell production. A Kidney Function Test (KFT) is…
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Top 10 Protein-Rich Vegetarian Foods: Essential Fuel for a Healthy Body
Top 10 Protein-Rich Vegetarian Foods: Essential Fuel for a Healthy Body Introduction Protein is one of the most essential nutrients your body needs daily. While many associate it with meat and eggs, vegetarians can enjoy a variety of high-protein foods that are both nutritious and delicious. From pulses and dairy to seeds and grains,…
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Vitamins: An In-Depth Guide to Their Role in Human Health
Vitamins: An In-Depth Guide to Their Role in Human Health Vitamins are essential micronutrients that our bodies require in small amounts to function optimally. Although they do not provide energy like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, vitamins are crucial for maintaining physiological functions, supporting the immune system, aiding in energy production, and preventing chronic diseases.…
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Electroencephalogram (EEG): Principle and Diagnostic Importance
Electroencephalogram (EEG): Principle and Diagnostic Importance Introduction The human brain is a complex organ that operates through electrical impulses generated by neurons. Monitoring and analyzing this electrical activity can provide valuable insights into brain function and dysfunction. An electroencephalogram (EEG) is a non-invasive diagnostic tool that records the brain\’s electrical activity through electrodes placed on…
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Type 2 Diabetes Management: Proven Lifestyle Changes That Work
Type 2 Diabetes Management: Proven Lifestyle Changes That Work Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, and hyperglycemia. The global burden of T2DM continues to rise, largely due to sedentary lifestyles, unhealthy diets, and increasing rates of obesity. While pharmacotherapy plays a crucial role in…
